The topic of the present work is the investigation of rare earth-doped fluoride crystals regarding their suitability as active materials for the generation of visible laser light. This includes a determination of ground state absorption, stimulated emission, and excited state absorption properties, as well as measurements of fluorescence decay dynamics. Furthermore, laser experiments were performed. For this purpose, trivalent samarium (Sm3+), terbium (Tb3+), and dysprosium (Dy3+) as well as the more established trivalent praseodymium-ion (Pr3+) were doped into different host crystals. Besides common host materials for visible lasers like LiLuF4 (LLF), LiYF4 (YLF), KY3F10 (KYF), and BY2F8 (BYF), also less common CaF2 (CF), SrF2 (SF), and LaF3 (LaF), and even novel rare earth-doped fluorides like hexagonal b-NaGdF4 (NGF) and orthorhombic b-Y0.5Gd0.5F3 (YGF) were grown and successfully utilized in laser experiments. Under pumping with frequency doubled optically pumped semiconductor lasers (2w-OPSL),
the first demonstration of laser oscillation at 606 nm and 648 nm in Sm3+:LLF succeeded. Selfpulsed laser oscillation with average output powers of nearly 100mWwas obtained. The highest slope efficiencies were determined to be 16%. Moreover, the first laser diode (LD) pumped laser oscillation of Dy3+ in LLF and YLF could be demonstrated. The emission wavelength of 578 nm could probably be used to drive the
1S0→3P0 clock-transition of neutral ytterbium. In initial experiments a strongly instable output and low efficiencies were observed, which is attributed to the long lifetime of the lower laser level. Co-doping with either Tb3+ or trivalent europium resulted in a significant improvement of the laser stability. At the same time, a shift of the laser emission wavelength to 574 nm was observed, which is in good agreement with simulations of the laser process and can be prevented
by applying suitable laser mirrors. In the framework of this thesis the first continuous wave (cw) Tb3+-doped bulk crystal lasers were realized. Under 2w-OPSL-pumping, laser operation at approximately 540 nm in the green could be achieved in LaF, LLF, YLF, and KYF. The latter three host materials also allowed for laser operation around 590 nm in the yellow spectral region, representing the first demonstration
of this transition as a laser ever. While high maximum slope efficiencies of up to 55% were recorded in the green for Tb3+:YLF, only about half the value was determined for the yellow laser which points on weak excited state absorption in this spectral region. The best laser results were obtained with Pr3+:YLF crystals. Under 2w-OPSL-pumping at
479 nm, slope efficiencies of up to 72% and optical to optical efficiencies of 68% with respect to the incident pump power were realized at 523 nm. These are the highest efficiencies ever reported for a solid state laser directly emitting in the visible. Under LD-pumping of Pr3+:KYF wide wavelength tuning ranges could be demonstrated with maximum widths of 50 nm. In a quasi-cw pumping scheme 20% of the energetic bandwidth of the visible spectral range could be addressed with this laser. Under true-cw excitation, Pr3+:YLF and Pr3+:BYF showed tuning ranges up to 10 nm in width. In further experiments, the first demonstration of cw quasi-three level laser operation of Pr3+-doped bulk crystals succeeded. Up to 44mW of output power at 495 nm could be extracted from Pr3+:BYF under LD-pumping. Finally, SESAM-mode-locked laser operation of a Pr3+:YLF laser was obtained for the first time. At several ten picoseconds pulse duration and a repetition rate of 86MHz, the average output power was 16mW. The laser emission bandwidth of 0.12 nm supports Fourier-limited pulse durations down to 3.6 ps.Kurzfassung
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung seltenerddotierter fluoridischer Kristalle bezüglich ihrer Eignung als aktiveMaterialien für die direkte Laseroszillation im Sichtbaren. Dies beinhaltet die Charakterisierung der Grundzustandsabsorption, stimulierten Emission, Absorption aus angeregten Zuständen sowie Messungen der Zerfallsdynamik und die Durchführung von Laserexperimenten. Zu diesem Zweck wurden sowohl die dreiwertigen Ionen des Samariums (Sm3+), Terbiums (Tb3+) und Dysprosiums (Dy3+) als auch das gängigere dreiwertige
Praseodymion (Pr3+) eingesetzt. Neben den etablierten fluoridischen Wirtskristalle für sichtbare Laser wie LiLuF4 (LLF), LiYF4 (YLF), KY3F10 (KYF) und BY2F8 (BYF) wurden auch CaF2 (CF), SrF2 (SF) und LaF3 (LaF) sowie